Avaliação econômica do cultivo da soja em diferentes fontes de fósforo

Abstract

Soybean cultivation (Glycine max L.) is Brazil's main agricultural export product, being responsible for a large part of agribusiness in the country and is of great importance in the development of our economy. In Cerrado soils, the low availability of phosphorus (P) is one of the factors that most limits soybean productivity. In this article, we analyze the economic viability of soybean cultivation in the 2022/2023 harvest, focusing on the application of Simple Super Phosphate 14% and Reactive Natural Phosphate. The present work was carried out on a rural property in the municipality of Campo Alegre - GO, southeast Goiás, in red acrid Oxisol soil. Thus, two sources of phosphorus, Simple Superphosphate (SS) – 14% and Reactive Natural Phosphate – 30% were used in rainfed areas. For the analysis of economic viability, the economic indicators were analyzed on 1 hectare: Gross Revenue (RB), Net Revenue (RL), Benefit-Cost Ratio (RB/C), Leveling Point (PN), Profitability Index (IL) , Equilibrium Price (PE). The highest productivity was with the Super Simples 14% source of 62 bags ha⁻1, with a net revenue of R$2,324.60, proving to be viable with financial return. The area with the P Reactive 30% source obtained a negative net revenue of R$-222.55, which proved to be unviable under the specific conditions of this study with higher production costs and a lower productivity of 60 bags ha-1.