Micorrização e desempenho agronômico de Canavalia ensiformis na fitorremediação de solos contaminados com óleo diesel

Abstract

Several techniques have been proposed for the remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals. These techniques are highly variable and depend on the contaminated substrate, the nature of the contaminant, the degree of contamination and the availability of resources. Phytoremediation, for example, in addition to presenting low cost as an advantage, also has the possibility of application in large areas. In addition, studies involving contaminated soils show the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the degradation of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the mycorrhization and the agronomic performance of a species of legume (Canavalia ensiformis) in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with diesel oil. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Goiás (UEG), Ipameri unit, GO, in a greenhouse. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 2 with 6 repetitions. The following treatments were used: soil contaminated and not contaminated by diesel oil; sterilized and non-sterilized soil; and seeds inoculated and not inoculated with mycorrhizal spores of the species Rhizophagus intraradices. According to the results obtained, there was a significant interaction between soil contamination with diesel oil and sterilization, for all evaluated variables (plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of the root system and mycorrhizal colonization), except for shoot dry mass (SDM). However, for SDM, a significant interaction was observed between soil contamination with diesel oil and inoculation with mycorrhizae. Furthermore, the agronomic performance of jack bean was affected by diesel oil contamination in the soil, even with mycorrhizae inoculation. The fungus colonization capacity was not enough to promote the bioremediation of soil contaminated with diesel oil.