Carcinoma mamário em cadela: relato de caso

Abstract

Mammary tumors are highly prevalent in female dogs, comprising approximately 50% of all diagnosed tumors in this species. Among these tumors, around half are malignant. Mixed tumor carcinomas are commonly encountered mammary neoplasms and can occur in one or multiple mammary glands. They can exhibit either slow or rapid growth, with the rate of growth being associated with malignancy. Most patients with breast neoplasms do not show evident clinical signs, but systemic clinical signs may manifest when metastases to distant organs, particularly the lungs, occur. A comprehensive evaluation of the animal, including a detailed physical examination, imaging, and laboratory tests, is essential for detecting possible metastases. The TNM system, used for clinical staging, is widely employed to determine prognosis and guide treatment decisions. Total unilateral mastectomy is the recommended surgical technique for removing breast nodules, along with adjacent lymph nodes, to reduce the risk of metastases. Histopathological analysis of the tissue is crucial for determining the tumor's histological type and degree of malignancy, providing valuable information for prognosis and determining additional treatments. The objective of this study was to report a case of mammary neoplasia in a female dog, establishing correlations between the chosen treatment, TNM staging, and histological grade of malignancy.